Marx positions the working masses as the decisive collective power behind social and historical advancement, arguing that their intentional and self-aware practical actions—shaped by their own interests and needs—constitute the most fundamental engine of progress. This human agency operates in two intertwined dimensions: people as the agents of practice and as the bearers of value. As practical agents, people, through their labor and lived activity, build the material base and generate the cultural and spiritual resources necessary for societal development; in periods of transformation, they also function as the revolutionary force that steers historical direction and propels social change. As value subjects, the people’s role in making history is inseparable from a consistent orientation toward protecting and realizing their own interests, making them the ultimate reference point and destination of social and historical development. This perspective has guided Chinese Communists to apply, in a dialectical manner, the mass line of “serving the people and depending on the people” throughout a century of revolutionary and reform practice, culminating in a far-reaching narrative of the people as creators of history.