Contents

Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt

Author(s): Andrew Saint1, Naveed Ahmad2
1Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge
2Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Andrew Saint
Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge
Naveed Ahmad
Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Abstract

Cruising for parking remains a localized but consequential management problem because it adds avoidable delay, concentrates congestion around high-demand destinations, and weakens the operational performance of curbside systems. This paper presents a management- and planning-oriented synthesis of a validated GPS-based parking-search identification framework and evaluates what that established measurement approach contributes to operational decision-making using three linked empirical components: a labeled ground-truth corpus of 3,550 journeys, an external dynamic park-and-visit dataset of 161 journeys, and a filtered large-scale archive of 868,561 consumer light-vehicle trips ending in Frankfurt. The results show that the predictive model achieves a mean absolute error below one minute across sampling rates from 1 to 15 seconds, reduces prediction error materially relative to a constant-duration baseline, and remains robust when transferred to an external dataset collected with a different application. When applied at city scale, the model indicates that 33% of trips end with immediate parking, while the overall mean parking-search duration is 1 minute 30 seconds and rises to 2 minutes 15 seconds among trips with non-zero search. The evidence also shows a substantial reduction in vehicle speed near parking-search activity and identifies central districts with systematically elevated mean search duration. Taken together, the results show that GPS-derived parking-search intelligence can be translated into credible, decision-ready evidence for targeted curb regulation, parking guidance, infrastructure prioritization, and more realistic travel-time planning.

Copyright © 2024 Andrew Saint, Naveed Ahmad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cite this Article

APA
Saint, A., Ahmad, N. (2024). Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt. Journal of Management and Planning Research, 1(1), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.66033/jmpr2024-117
MLA
Saint, Andrew, and Naveed Ahmad. "Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt." Journal of Management and Planning Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2024, pp. 190-199.
Chicago
Saint, Andrew. "Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt." Journal of Management and Planning Research 1, no. 1 (2024): 190-199. https://doi.org/10.66033/jmpr2024-117
Harvard
Saint, A., Ahmad, N., 2024. Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt. Journal of Management and Planning Research, 1(1), pp.190-199.
Vancouver
Saint A, Ahmad N. Data-Driven Parking Search Intelligence for Urban Management and Planning: Evidence from Large-Scale Vehicle GPS Traces in Frankfurt. Journal of Management and Planning Research. 2024;1(1):190-199.