Contents

How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development

Author(s): Anne Vernez Moudon1, Nabeel Irfan1, Steven Robbins1
1Department of Urban Design and planning , University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
Anne Vernez Moudon
Department of Urban Design and planning , University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
Nabeel Irfan
Department of Urban Design and planning , University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
Steven Robbins
Department of Urban Design and planning , University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States

Abstract

As educational digitalization accelerates, the need for intelligent technologies in teaching and learning is becoming increasingly pressing. This study introduces a deep hybrid recommendation framework, VAE-GAN-DCR, built on variational autoencoders (VAE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN), and examines how generative AI can contribute to smart-classroom practice. Methodologically, the model integrates the VAE decoder with the GAN generator, extends standard VAE design by incorporating item-feature–dependent prior distributions, and reduces reconstruction error by leveraging feature-transfer signals from the GAN discriminator to improve educational resource recommendation accuracy. In addition, teaching outcomes at Zhanjiang Early Childhood Teacher Training College are assessed using the Williams Creative Tendency Measurement Scale. Experimental results show that VAE-GAN-DCR achieves strong performance across three datasets; on MovieLens-1M, Recall@20 increases by 12.15% and NDCG@100 by 12.94%. Classroom application results further indicate that the experimental group outperforms the control group in creative-thinking activities and creative tendency, with the overall creative tendency score reaching 2.61. The findings suggest that generative AI can both enhance the precision of educational resource recommendations and foster students’ creativity, providing robust support for smart-classroom development.

Keywords: generative artificial intelligence, smart classroom, variable score autoencoder, generative adversarial network, educational resource recommendation, creative thinking activity
Copyright © 2025 Anne Vernez Moudon, Nabeel Irfan, Steven Robbins. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cite this Article

APA
Moudon, A., Irfan, N., Robbins, S. (2025). How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development. Journal of Urban Development and Smart Cities, 2(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.66033/judsc2025-206
MLA
Moudon, Anne Vernez, et al. "How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development." Journal of Urban Development and Smart Cities, vol. 2, no. 1, 2025, pp. 62-72.
Chicago
Moudon, Anne Vernez. "How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development." Journal of Urban Development and Smart Cities 2, no. 1 (2025): 62-72. https://doi.org/10.66033/judsc2025-206
Harvard
Moudon, A., Irfan, N., Robbins, S., 2025. How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development. Journal of Urban Development and Smart Cities, 2(1), pp.62-72.
Vancouver
Moudon A, Irfan N, Robbins S. How Generative AI Enhances Smart Classrooms and Supports Thinking Development. Journal of Urban Development and Smart Cities. 2025;2(1):62-72.